Black or brown 98% V2O5 flake is a commercial-grade vanadium pentoxide used in practical industrial applications such as steelmaking and catalysis, where good performance and cost-efficiency are priorities. The color variation (black or brown) is typically due to minor differences in impurity levels or calcination processes, but the material generally maintains around 98% purity.In steelmaking, this flake is used to introduce vanadium into molten steel to produce high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels, tool steels, and spring steels. Vanadium enhances strength, hardness, and wear resistance by forming fine carbides and nitrides during heat treatment. The flake structure ensures better melting behavior and uniform distribution in the steel bath.For catalytic applications, such as sulfuric acid production or industrial emission controls, black/brown 98% V2O5 flake acts as a stable and effective oxidizing agent. It performs reliably in fixed-bed or fluidized-bed reactors under moderate to high temperatures.Its robust flake form allows for easy storage, transportation, and dosing, making it a convenient choice for large-scale industrial operations. Suppliers often provide this grade with quality assurance and customization options, ensuring it meets the needs of cost-sensitive yet performance-driven applications.